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اللغة العربية
Arabic Comparison/ Superlative
Comparison in Arabic:
To form
comparison or express equality in Arabic we add the word “methla
مثل” or the
prefix “ka ك
"to the thing or person compared with, for
example:
He is as tall
as Ali = howa taweel
methla Aliهو
طويل
مثل علي
or howa
taweel kaAliهو
طويل كعلي
That horse is
as fast as an arrow = hisaani saree’
methla arromh
حصاني سريع
مثل
الرمح
or hisaani saree’
karromhحصاني
سريع
كالرمح
Superiority in Arabic:
To express
Superiority Arabic uses the word “akthar + (adjective turned into noun+an)+….
men اكثر ...من ”
A is more
beautiful than B = A akthar jamalan men B
أ
اكثر جمالا من ب
,
Grammatically
it’s: subject+ akthar + (noun of adjective+an) + men
+ object. He is
more diligent than Ahmad
è
howa akthar ejteehadan men Ahmad.
Remember that
Arabic starts from right to left when you write it with Arabic alphabet.
Everest is
higher than Kilimanjaro = Everest
akthar ‘olowwan
men
Kelimanjaro افرست
أكثر
علوا
من
كليمانجارو
or إفرست
أعلى
من
كليمانجارو
Fatima is
younger than Sofia = Fatima asghar men Sofia
فاطمة
أصغر
من
صوفيا *
* Like in
English, Arabic can take more than one form to form the superiority, in
English we can say: the Pacific is deeper than the Mediterranean or we can
simply say the pacific is more deep than the Mediterranean (even though the
last example is less used and less grammatical), same thing in Arabic, to
form superiority there are two ways, either by using “more …than
è
akthar …~an men اكثر .. ا...من ”
or by modeling the adjective to it’s superiority form, for example
more cute
than… = akthar jamaalan men …
أكثر جمالا من
cuter than … =
ajmal men … أجمل من
If you’re a beginner you may
want to stick with the first method, because the second one has some
irregularities and depends on the adjective and also because sometimes it’s
not possible to form the superlative that way, same thing in English where
you cannot say:…beautifler than … instead we say : it’s more beautiful than
…
This is how to form the
superiority using the second method which we just discussed:
If the superiority is used
on an adjective (which is the case most of the time) then you need to follow
these steps: first extract the three consonant from the adjective,
(beautiful = jameel
è
jml, then spread the consonant respectively to this model given here
è
a??a?
by replacing each question mark with a
consonant, you would have then : a superiority adjective
è
ajmal). You can do that with most adjectives.
Near = qareeb
è
qrb è
Nearer = aqrab
Big = kabeer
è
kbr è
Bigger = akbar
Beautiful =
jameel
è
jml è
more beautiful = ajmal
But note that
like in English some superlative change totally from the original adjective
Good = jayyed
è
better = ahsan è
the best = al ahsan (you will learn about superlative next!)
Inferiority in Arabic:
To express
inferiority you just need to follow the rules of how to form superiority,
but instead of the “akthar …~an men” form, use “aqal…~an men”
Easy!
Literarily meaning: … less … than , instead of …more than …
The stars are
less shiny than the moon = annojoum
aqal diaya’an
men
al qamar = النجوم أقل
ضياءا من القمر
Superlative in Arabic:
To form Arabic superlative,
once more you just need to make some modifications to the superiority form
you learned before. Add “al” and omit “men” to the superiority form, because
“men” is used to compare two things, which is not the case in superlative.
Fatima is younger than Sofia
è
Fatima asghar
men
Sofia فاطمة
أصغر
من
صوفيا ,
Fatima is the youngest = Fatima hia
al asghar
فاطمة هي
الاصغر
His house is the most
beautiful è
baituhu howa al akthar
jamaalan.
Note that since the
superiority adjective starts always with an “a”, placing “al” before it to
form superlative will give you most of the time the form “al a” for the
superlative before the adjective used. Examples:
the youngest: al asghar,
the biggest: al akbar,
the tallest: al atwal,
the best: al ahsan,
the dummest: al
aghbaa.
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