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    Rules of transliteration

    CONTENTS
    Home
    Introduction
    The Basics of Arabic
    Rules of Transliteration
    This is Arabic
    Grammar
    About
    LESSONS
    01 Hello & Goodbye
    02 Counting
    03 Meeting People
    04 In the Hotel
    05 In the Restaurant
    06 Writing Arabic Part I
    07 Writing Arabic Part II
    08 Writing Arabic Part III
    09 Writing Arabic Part IV
    10 My Name is Issam
    10B Word List
    11 Local Coffee Shop
    11b Word List
    12 Fixing Cars
    12b Word List
    13 Cookies
    13b Word List
    14 My Marriage
    14b Word List
    BONUS VOCABULARY
    01 Bonus Vocabulary (A)
    02 Bonus Vocabulary (B)
    03 Bonus Vocabulary (C)
    04 Bonus Vocabulary (D)
    05 Bonus Vocabulary (E)
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    Rules of Transliteration
     


     

    Transliteration is the technique that changes Arabic writing into a Latin substitute. Since there are many letters in Arabic which have no Latin equivalent, either the combination of two letters, or special qualities are added to normal Latin letters.


    To the newcomer to Arabic, the transliterations can appear confusing, but it is an excellent system of both recapturing Arabic writing, as well as helping with your pronunciation.


    Moreover, you should note that the pronunciation of normal letters is not necessarily identical to how you utter things in your own language. Therefore, please read the following list carefully, you will not regret.

    The easy group of Arabic letters
    aa is normally not written in Arabic but appears in the transliterated text. Its pronunciation is quite similar to the 'a' of English bag
    ujust like the case is for a, u is not written in Arabic. Its pronunciation is quite similar to 'u' in Bulgaria.
    ii is also not written but it is simple to pronounce similar to 'i' in English sit.
    āthis is an a which is written in Arabic, and it is often referred to as "long a" because it is pronounced as the 'a' in English father
    ūworks as a long 'o' like in the English word swoon
    īlike a long 'i'
    bnothing special, uttered similar to English 'b'
    tnothing special, uttered similar to English 't'
    thwhen t and h are written next to one another in transliterated text, it normally means that it denotes one letter, which is pronounced as 'th' is in the English word think
    shwhen s and h are written next to one another in transliterated text, it normally means that it denotes one letter, which is pronounced as 'sh' is in the English word shilling
    dhwhen d and h are written next to one another in transliterated text, it normally means that it denotes one letter, which is pronounced as 'th' is in the English word that
    rrolled 'r', not too different from road
    dsimilar to English 'd'
    ssimilar to English 's'
    fsimilar to English 'f'
    hsimilar to English 'h'
    ksimilar to English 'k'
    lsimilar to English 'l'
    msimilar to English 'm'
    nsimilar to English 'n'
    yuttered like 'y' in the English word yes
    wnothing special, uttered similar to English 'w'
    More difficult Arabic letters
    qa type of 'k' sound, but pronounced deep in the throat
    khsimilar to the 'ch' in the German family name Bach
    ghspecific to Arabic, similar to highly expressed rolled 'r'
    '

    (before 

    the

    letter)

    no similarity in Western languages, a sound which starts deep in the throat
    c no similarity in Western languages, a sound which starts deep in the throat
    'no sound, but at the point where this enters, the uttering of a word stops briefly. It works therefore as a pause in a word
    hstressed 'h', but it is a pure h
    dstressed 'd', and when followed by a, the a is pronounced as the a in car
    sstressed 's', and when followed by a, the a is pronounced as the a in car
    tstressed 't', and when followed by a, the a is pronounced as the a in car
    zstressed 'z', and when followed by a, the a is pronounced as the a in car

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